Association between red meat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease: An important role of L carnitine metabolites Prevention Observatory of the Montreal Heart Institute Dietary lecithin, choline, and L carnitine, which are abundant in red Download Scientific Diagram JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule produced in humans primarily by the gut liver axis and has become an important biomarker, and possible mediator, of cardiometabolic and renal disease. Dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine ( Revisiting the Role of Carnitine in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota