Role of Carnitine Shuttle System in the Active Transport of Fatty Acyl Coa into the mitochondrial Carnitine Acyltransferase an overview ScienceDirect Topics Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation ScienceDirect Medium chain fatty acid oxidation is independent of l carnitine in liver and kidney but not in heart and skeletal muscle American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology American Physiological Society Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Citrate and Carnitine Acylcarnitine Transporters: Two Mitochondrial Carriers Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism